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Explanation for:
Matthew
26
:
2
You know that after two days shall be the pasch, and the son of man shall be delivered up to be crucified:
10
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{"arr":[{"author-name":"Jerome of Stridon","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88dcd3432c6dd41375498_Jerome%20of%20Stridon.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"Those who assert that the Savior experienced fear and was influenced by the prospect of suffering might reference His words: ‘Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from Me.’ As He prepared to celebrate the Passover two days hence, He was fully aware of the impending crucifixion, yet He did not shy away from the traps set for Him, nor did He retreat in fear. Even when others hesitated, He moved forward resolutely, prompting Thomas to exclaim, ‘Let us also go, that we may die with Him.’ Furthermore, in His desire to conclude the mere external observance and to provide a profound understanding of the Passover—while the shadow of the law transitioned—He expressed, ‘With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before My suffering.’ Ultimately, Christ as our sacrificed Passover is available to us, provided we partake of Him in the unleavened sincerity of truth. \\n\\nIn contemplating the phrase, ‘After two days shall be the Passover,’ we should seek the sacraments that transcend the ordinary meaning of these words. Indeed, after two days of the brightest illumination—representing both the Old and New Testaments—comes the true Passover for the world. The term ‘Passover,’ in Hebrew known as pesach, does not stem from the root meaning ‘to suffer,’ which many mistakenly interpret, but rather from the concept of ‘passing by,’ as the angel of destruction, upon seeing the blood on the doorposts of the Israelites, did not strike them but passed over. Additionally, this signifies how the Lord, in His grace from above, approached His people. We can find enlightenment in the book of Exodus, which we will discuss in greater depth, God willing. Our own journey from one state to another—our Passover—is complete when we forsake earthly attachments and Egypt, and instead aspire toward heavenly realities."},{"author-name":"Theophylact of Bulgaria","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8989296bafed9104677d7_Theophylact%20of%20Bulgaria.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":11,"exegesis-text":"Following His reference to the kingdom and the suffering, He alludes to His own affliction, implying, \\"Those who crucify Me will also be celebrated with fire.\\""},{"author-name":"Euthymios Zigabenos","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":11,"exegesis-text":"He did not merely state, \\"He will be handed over,\\" but rather \\"to be crucified,\\" because He was indeed handed over by the Jewish leaders the following day, on the 13th, a day that was still unfolding at the time of His betrayal after sharing the Last Supper with His disciples. He was surrendered for crucifixion only two days later, specifically on the 12th and the 13th. On the 14th, as the Gospel writer notes (Matt. 27:26), Pilate said, \\"Let them release to them Barabbas,\\" but Jesus, after being scourged, was handed over to them to be crucified. Thus, Pilate released Barabbas to them, while Jesus, after being beaten, was submitted to crucifixion."},{"author-name":"Michail (Lusin)","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c89550c567e172d15b3055_Michail%20(Lusin).png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"\\"In two days shall be the Passover\\": The observance of Passover commenced on the evening of the 14th of Nisan and coincided with a Friday that year (John 19:14), indicating that the Lord made this statement on Tuesday evening or Wednesday. - \\"The Passover shall be\\": This festival is the most significant and sacred event in Jewish tradition, commemorating the miraculous liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. It derives its name from the angel who spared the homes of the Jews during the final night of their captivity in Egypt by passing over their doorposts (Ex. 12). Together with the Feast of Unleavened Bread, which follows starting on the second day of Passover, it is celebrated over eight days, from the evening of the 14th to the 21st of Nisan (around the end of March and the beginning of April). On the 10th day of this month, family heads were to select a year-old unblemished lamb, which was then sacrificed on the 14th day in the temple courtyard after proper preparation and roasting. When Passover was celebrated for the first time in Egypt, the lamb's blood was sprinkled on the doorposts to protect the households from the death angel; afterwards, the altar was anointed with this blood, leading to the custom of sacrificing lambs at the tabernacle or temple. The lamb was consumed entirely, leaving no bones or sinews, accompanied by unleavened bread and bitter herbs. The practices at the time of Jesus, as can be inferred from various ancient accounts, had evolved significantly from earlier traditions. The Passover meal began on the evening of the 14th of Nisan after sunset. Initially, a cup filled with diluted wine was presented: after offering praise to God, the head of the household consumed from it, followed by all present; this was known as the first cup. Following this, hands were washed while offering thanks to God. The Passover lamb, unleavened bread, bitter herbs, and a type of mixture made from dates, figs, grapes, and vinegar were consumed piece by piece, accompanied by praises, after which these items were removed, and the cup of wine and water was refilled. The removal of the dishes was to engage the children’s curiosity, thus providing an opportunity to recount the story of the feast (Exodus 12:26-27). The head of the household would then narrate the tale of the Israelites' bondage in Egypt, their salvation, and the institution of Passover. Upon the return of the dishes, he would proclaim: \\"This is the Passover which we partake in remembrance of the Lord's mercy upon our homes in Egypt\\"; he would elevate the unleavened bread and bitter herbs, explaining that the former represented the haste of their escape, while the latter symbolized the bitterness of their enslavement. Following this, they would sing the first part of the Alleluia, specifically Psalms 110-114, offer a brief prayer, and drink from the second cup. Hands were washed again, and they partook of the lamb, herbs, and bread once more, ensuring that nothing of the lamb remained until morning. The hands were washed again before drinking the third cup, called the cup of blessing, during which the family head would bless God with a special prayer for His grace. Finally, the fourth cup, known as the Hallel, was consumed, after which the second part of the Hallelujah, Psalms 115-118, was sung. Throughout the subsequent days of the feast, daily sacrifices were offered at the temple, both public sacrifices for the community and private offerings from those with personal devotion. On the second day of the feast, marking the first day of Unleavened Bread, a sheaf of barley along with other offerings was presented as a token of the first fruits. The first and last days of the feast received particular reverence. – \\"He shall be delivered up to crucifixion\\": This indicates His self-awareness of the suffering that lay ahead, proactively acknowledging everything He would endure. Thus, since His prior declarations about the resurrection would have sufficed for their assurance, He refrained from mentioning it now, finding it unnecessary after having spoken at length about it previously."},{"author-name":"Philaret (Gumilevski)","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c896f4b6fd32caa244b5d7_Philaret%20(Gumilevski).png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":19,"exegesis-text":"The Savior frequently alluded to His crucifixion through symbolism: He used this metaphor to explain the ascension of the serpent in the wilderness (John 3:14) and to predict the destruction of the temple that is His body at the hands of the Jews (John 2:19). He repeatedly made it clear that He would endure suffering and death in Jerusalem (Matt. 16:21; Matt. 17:22; Matt. 20:18). Now, once again and for the final time, He foretells His death on the cross just two days away. Is it not evident that this death aligns with God's divine plan? Can we not see that Jesus Christ approaches His death with complete autonomy, in accordance with God’s will? He has said previously, ‘I will lay down this life, and I will take it up again. This commandment I received from My Father’ (John 10:18). His actions also testify to this truth. The day He spoke these words to His disciples was six days before the Passover, in Bethany, where Mary anointed His feet with fragrant oil—this occurred on the Sabbath (John 12:1, 2). The following day marked His triumphant entry into Jerusalem (John 12:12). On the Monday, as He traveled to Jerusalem, Jesus cursed the barren fig tree and returned to Bethany that evening (Matt. 21:18; Mk. 11:13, 18, 19). Tuesday brought Peter’s observation of the withered fig tree, during which Jesus spoke of the power of faith and engaged in discussions with the scribes in Jerusalem (Mk. 11:20, 27). Therefore, on Wednesday of that momentous week, the Lord revealed to His disciples the impending sufferings that would take place at Passover. In two days, the Passover will occur, and the Son of Man will be handed over to be crucified. \\n\\nWhat a remarkable overlap of events this is! The Passover is the most significant festival for the Hebrews. It commemorates firstly the deliverance of Israel’s firstborn from the heavenly sword that struck down the firstborn in Egypt, and secondly the salvation of the entire nation from Pharaoh, who was drowned in the Red Sea. Regardless of the significance of these historical events in Israel’s journey, the true essence of the Passover celebration is found in the pivotal role of the Passover lamb. When Jesus informed His disciples that He would be delivered up for crucifixion during Passover, it is unclear whether they grasped the profound association between His impending sufferings and the celebration of Passover. Yet later, guided by the Holy Spirit, they clearly articulated this remarkable connection to the Jews. The Apostle Paul proclaimed that Christ has become our Passover, instructing us to celebrate this new Passover not by consuming unleavened bread like the Hebrews but with purity and sincerity of spirit (1 Cor. 5:17, 18). As Apostle Peter taught, we are redeemed by the precious blood of Christ, the Lamb without blemish (1 Pet. 1:19), and therefore, we no longer require the Passover lamb of Egypt."},{"author-name":"Abbot Panteleimon about the Trinity","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"The very adversaries of Jesus Christ acknowledged that no one had ever communicated as 'this Man did' (John 7:46). However, for humanity to be truly redeemed, it was essential not only to express the complete will of God but also to achieve reconciliation with divine justice. Thus, the Redeemer, anticipated for centuries, who proclaimed God's will as a prophet, now fulfills this reconciliation of heaven and earth as the High Priest. He willingly offers Himself as the ultimate sacrifice for the redemption of a fallen world. His teachings regarding the Second Coming and the impending judgment may have stirred in His disciples the old hopes of His imminent reign as the Messiah; therefore, He reiterates, for the final time, His impending sufferings. After addressing the events of the last days, Jesus turned to His disciples to remind them of His approaching trials, saying, ‘YOU KNOW THAT TWO DAYS LATER IT WILL BE PASCHAS, AND THE SON OF MAN WILL BE TURNED UP FOR TESTING.’ St. Chrysostom notes how skillfully Jesus articulates this, deliberately avoiding mentioning betrayal directly; instead, He highlights the fulfillment of the Passover and announces His impending betrayal, followed by His crucifixion. This indicates not only the sacramental nature of the events to come but also the universal triumph, with Jesus fully aware of His future suffering. This alone would have been comfort enough for them, rendering any mention of His resurrection unnecessary, having discussed it extensively before. \\n\\nThe Passover was the most sacred festival among the Jews, commemorating the deliverance of Israel's firstborn from the angel of death, which struck down the firstborn of Egypt. It also celebrated the nation's liberation from Pharaoh, who was engulfed by the Red Sea. Crucially, the Passover lamb prefigured the Lamb of God who bears the sins of the world. It remains uncertain whether the disciples grasped the Lord’s reference to the significant alignment of the days of His suffering with the Passover. Yet, illuminated by the Holy Spirit later, they explicitly communicated this profound linkage to the Jewish people. As Paul asserts, ‘The Passover is our Passover, Christ was slain for us’ (1 Cor. 5:7). The Apostle Peter teaches that we are redeemed ‘by the precious blood of Christ, as of a pure and clean Lamb’ (1 Pet. 1:19). Meanwhile, as Jesus conversed with His disciples on the Mount of Olives about Jerusalem’s impending doom and the end times, the Sanhedrin gathered in the courtyard of High Priest Caiaphas in Jerusalem for a clandestine meeting to conspire on how to address the Teacher from Galilee."},{"author-name":"Gladkow B.I.","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88bf0ceef8c96e09a6521_Gladkow%20B.I..png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"After disclosing to the apostles the mystery surrounding the impending destruction of Jerusalem, the conclusion of the age, His Second Coming, and the Last Judgment, Jesus shifted their focus from the far-off future to imminent events set to occur in two days. He stated, “You know that in two days' time the Passover will take place, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.” The Evangelist does not elaborate on how the apostles received these words, nor does he specify Jesus's whereabouts following this pivotal dialogue. Based on the events that unfolded in the temple that day and the extended conversation on the Mount of Olives, it is reasonable to conclude that it was nighttime when Jesus concluded His remarks. He might have returned to Bethany, as He had in previous nights, or He may have chosen to remain on the mountain, spending the night in intimate communion with His heavenly Father. The latter scenario seems more plausible considering the emotional state He likely experienced following His final separation from the Jewish leadership. The apostles, too, likely stayed on the mountain and may have soon succumbed to sleep, which allowed Judas Iscariot to stealthily make his way to Jerusalem."},{"author-name":"Lopuchin A.P.","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c891400ee1341634d2276d_Lopuchin%20A.P..png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"To prevent any misunderstanding stemming from outdated erroneous beliefs about the Messiah, He concluded His teachings with the poignant yet well-known foretelling that His passion and death would precede all of these events. With complete transparency and straightforwardness, He disclosed to them the occasion, the method, and the timing: \\"Ye know that in two days’ time it shall be the passover; and the Son of man shall be delivered up to be crucified.\\""},{"author-name":"Paul Matwejewski","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8969f5be0d592d5a10576_Paul%20Matwejewski.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"After concluding His discourse, the Lord Jesus Christ reminded His disciples of His previous prophecies concerning His impending fate (Matt. 16:21; 17:22; 20:18). To illustrate the certainty of His impending suffering, as noted by St. John Chrysostom, ‘foreseeing everything’ and acting entirely of His own volition (John 10:18), He explicitly indicated the timeline of His death: ‘For in two days, the Passover will occur, and the Son of Man will be handed over for crucifixion.’"},{"author-name":"Bogolepow D.P.","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"In the account of Matthew as interpreted through the lens of Hebrews, Jesus Christ concluded His prophetic teaching concerning the final days of Jerusalem and the world by foretelling His upcoming sufferings during the Passover, which was to occur two days later. Given that Christ delivered these prophetic messages on Tuesday evening, as noted in Luke 21:37-38, He shared His foretelling of His sufferings with His disciples that same evening. The assembly of the Sanhedrin could not have taken place until the following morning, which would be Wednesday. However, since the understanding of time at that period indicated that Tuesday evening had already transitioned into Wednesday, it is noted that the chief priests had convened at that time."}]}
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