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Explanation for:
Matthew
25
:
11
But at last come also the other virgins, saying: Lord, Lord, open to us.
11
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{"arr":[{"author-name":"Jerome of Stridon","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88dcd3432c6dd41375498_Jerome%20of%20Stridon.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"While it is indeed commendable that their profession of faith is evident, as demonstrated in the transformation of their identity, the invocation of the Lord carries significant meaning and its repetition reflects genuine belief. Yet, what purpose does it serve to verbally acknowledge Him whom you reject through your actions?"},{"author-name":"Antonius the Great","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88927f4d84651d9faae71_Antonius%20the%20Great.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"Let us awaken from our slumber while we are still in this mortal body, let us earnestly lament for ourselves and grieve with all our hearts both day and night, that we may be spared from that dreadful anguish marked by groaning, weeping, and mourning, which knows no end. We must be cautious to avoid the wide gate and the broad path that leads to destruction, even though many travel that road, and instead strive to enter through the narrow gate and walk the narrow way that leads to life, although few find it. Those who tread this latter path are the true laborers, destined to receive their reward with joy and to inherit the Kingdom. Yet, for anyone not fully prepared to make this journey, I urge them not to procrastinate until it is too late, lest they find themselves without oil at the appointed time, with no one willing to sell it to them. This was the fate of the five foolish virgins who were unable to procure any oil. They cried out in desperation, saying: ‘Lord, Lord, open to us.’ But He responded to them, ‘Truly, I tell you, I do not know you.’ Their plight resulted solely from their negligence. Then they awoke and caused a commotion, but it was to no avail, for the Master of the house had risen and shut the doors, as it is written. \\n\\nI will provide another illustration. When Noah entered the ark with his sons, their wives, and all others who were with him, and sealed the door of the ark because of the floodwaters sent to punish the wicked, he did not reopen the door, nor did he allow his sons to witness the catastrophic judgment that befell the ungodly. How much more so were those evildoers unable to enter and join the righteous once the door was closed, perishing in the flood due to their laziness and rebellion. For a hundred years while constructing the ark, Noah continually urged them towards righteousness, but they paid him no mind nor obeyed his call, resulting in their destruction."},{"author-name":"Cyrill of Alexandria","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88a8ea5c988a4fc073480_Cyrill%20of%20Alexandria.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":5,"exegesis-text":"The Lord likens the rulers of the nations to virgins (cf. Matt. 25:1). Ministers are expected to be above reproach in both body and spirit, as Paul states, striving for holiness in both dimensions (1 Cor. 7:34). Scripture often segments human existence into five distinct phases (see Matt. 25:2), thereby providing both righteous and foolish souls to each phase, reflecting the presence of the wise alongside the simple-minded, the just contrasting with the unjust. The act of all taking their lamps (see Matt. 25:7) signifies that every soul has been illuminated by God through natural law and the commandments imparted through Moses. Their collective journey to meet the Bridegroom (see Matthew 25:6) indicates a universal intention to honor God and forge a spiritual bond with the Bridegroom, who instills various virtues within the hearts of believers, hence His designation as the Bridegroom. However, some souls, due to their arrogance, failed to maintain their humility despite having received divine enlightenment. The state of slumber represents the mortal death that inevitably affects both the wise and the foolish, until the resurrection is heralded by the angelic trumpet at Christ's return (see 1 Cor. 15:52, 1 Thess. 4:16). All will rise when death is vanquished, including the righteous and the unrighteous, and everyone will stand before the Judge, who will meticulously evaluate the spiritual state of each individual. When evil goes unchecked, the soul begins to languish in darkness, as though on the brink of madness, leading individuals to mistakenly believe they can be absolved by another's virtue. Thus, they are denied entry when it is proclaimed, “Lest there should be a lack both of us and of you” (Matthew 25:9). The merit of each person is scarcely adequate for the salvation of the soul, especially knowing that even the humble commit sins abundantly."},{"author-name":"Romanos Melodos","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c89774ed5fa62ff880bee5_Romanos%20Melodos.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":6,"exegesis-text":"Ikos 12 Those who are misled, as ever, act unwisely when the moment for all deeds has passed. The aimless march of the foolish has come to an end. Now they are tormented by anxiety, and a voice resounds in reproach, for they pursued the unattainable in their folly and thus failed to receive the DIVINE GRACE. Ikos 13 Recognizing the futility of their effort, at last, the five returned and discovered that the throne of Christ was shut. They cried out with voices full of anguish and lamentation: 'O Immortal One, open the gateway of Your humanity to us who have labored for Your kingdom with purity.'"},{"author-name":"Theophylact of Bulgaria","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8989296bafed9104677d7_Theophylact%20of%20Bulgaria.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":11,"exegesis-text":"The foolish seek out those who provide, specifically the impoverished, indicating their realization of the need for repentance in regard to their failure to offer charity. They now understand that they are meant to receive the oil, a symbol of grace, from those in need. Thus, the phrase about going to the sellers to acquire oil suggests that they turned their thoughts toward the poor and began to reflect on the virtue of charitable deeds. However, the door had already been shut to them, as there is no opportunity for repentance or righteous acts after this life has ended."},{"author-name":"Tichon of Zadonsk","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8989ff6b5b4c943e70095_Tichon%20of%20Zadonsk.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":18,"exegesis-text":"Just as a lamp illuminates a household, faith exists vibrantly within the human heart. The light of this lamp is inflamed by humanity, ignited by the Holy Spirit through the proclamation of God's Word, as it is stated, \\"Faith is from hearing, and hearing is from the word of God\\" (Rom. 10:17). When the lamp burns and radiates within a home, everything becomes visible; its residents can see clearly, those who navigate inside do not stumble, and everyone can perform their tasks as they are guided by its light. Similarly, when the lamp of faith shines within a person's heart, they gain clarity in all things spiritual: the invisible God appears visible, leading them to observe and engage in actions worthy of their Christian identity. However, without a lamp, the home is enveloped in darkness. In the same way, if the lamp of faith is absent from the heart, there is only darkness and deception. To ensure that this burning lamp in the heart does not extinguish, one must supply it with oil. For the lamp of faith to remain aflame, one should: 1) Read or listen thoughtfully to the word of God and other Christian literature. 2) Pray fervently to God. 3) Partake in the Holy and Life-giving Sacraments of Christ's Body and Blood. 4) Engage in acts of mercy, as stated: \\"Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy\\" (Matthew 5:7). \\n\\nThe characteristics of a heart with an actively burning lamp of faith, according to Holy Scripture, are as follows: 1) Such an individual reads or listens to God's word and seeks to understand it diligently. 2) They sincerely call upon God in prayer and express gratitude for His blessings. 3) They strive earnestly to lead a life that reflects their Christian calling and adheres to the Gospel. 4) They demonstrate their faith through good works, as the Apostle asserts: \\"Show me your faith by your works\\" (James 2:18). 5) They remain vigilant against all sin, actively combating it, and refuse to be dominated by it. 6) In this world, they live as a pilgrim, continually directing their heart's gaze toward their heavenly homeland, sighing for it, and thus not allowing their hearts to cling to earthly possessions. They utilize worldly resources with caution and necessity, finding joy solely in God and in the hope of eternal life. 7) A clear indication of a heart lit by faith is the spiritual joy experienced, the joy of the Holy Spirit, which is articulated in the Psalms: \\"My heart and my flesh rejoice in the living God\\" (Psalm 83:3). Where there is faith in God, there is love for God; where there is love for God, there is joy in Him, as what we love brings us joy. \\n\\nFrom this, we can discern the signs of a faith that has grown dim in the heart, such as: 1) A life lived in disobedience to God's Word. Among fornicators, adulterers, and the unclean, faith has been extinguished; likewise, the thief, the rapist, and the robber have lost their faith. The wicked, the resentful, those who thrive on revenge have turned away from faith. The slanderer, the disruptor, the critic, and the abuser have abandoned their faith. The hypocrite, the deceitful, and the flatterer are faithless. In short, every lawless individual who disregards their conscience acts counter to it and extinguishes their faith, replacing the lamp of faith with the shadows of ignorance toward God. \\"What fellowship has light with darkness?\\" (2 Cor. 6:14). Light signifies faith; darkness represents a life devoid of law. What can faith share with the darkness of unlawful living? Such individuals may pray to God, yet their prayers are insincere, as \\"their hearts are far from Me.\\" The fitting declaration from Scripture is, \\"These people honor Me with their lips, but their hearts are far from Me\\" (Matthew 15:8, Isaiah 29:13). 2) A scorn for the word of God and a turning away from Him. 3) Neglect of prayer. 4) A withdrawal from the communion of the Holy Sacraments of Christ. Without these, faith cannot thrive or sustain itself in the heart. 5) An obsession with transient matters: wealth, honor, glory, and indulgence. Faith is a divine gift, prompting the heart to shift from earthly wisdom to divine wisdom. Such a person contradicts the Apostle's counsel: \\"Set your minds on things that are above, not on things that are on earth\\" (Colossians 3:2). Christians who maintain the flame of faith within their hearts will ultimately be prepared to meet the Bridegroom, Christ, who will come to judge both the living and the dead, entering the heavenly kingdom as wise ones: \\"Be faithful unto death, and I will give you the crown of life,\\" affirms Christ our Lord (Rev. 2:10). However, those lacking this lamp in their hearts will not be privileged to greet Christ the King and will be excluded from His presence, hearing instead, \\"I do not know you\\" (Matt. 25:12). For a Christian, it is a grave matter to hear such words from Christ: \\"I do not know you!\\" Let us turn our hearts fully to God, allowing our lamps to be ignited by His grace. \\"Awake, O sleeper, and arise from the dead, and Christ will shine upon you\\" (Eph. 5:14). \\"You will light my lamp, O Lord; my God, You will illuminate my darkness\\" (Ps. 17:29)."},{"author-name":"Gladkow B.I.","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88bf0ceef8c96e09a6521_Gladkow%20B.I..png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"The wise maidens replied, \\"If we share our oil, there may not be enough for both you and us. You should go and purchase oil from someone else.\\" The foolish virgins set off to buy oil, but while they were away, the bridegroom arrived. The wise maidens greeted him and entered the wedding banquet, after which the doors were promptly shut. When the celebration commenced, the foolish maidens returned and knocked on the door, pleading for the bridegroom to allow them entrance. However, he did not open the door but declared, \\"Depart from me! I do not know you.\\" A single lamp of faith is insufficient; without righteous acts, it will extinguish, leaving no opportunity to perform good works. At that moment, it will be too late to reconsider, and such thoughts will be of no use, as the gates of the Kingdom of Heaven will be closed. Those standing outside with their lamps extinguished will hear the words of Christ: \\"Truly I say to you, I do not know you.\\""},{"author-name":"Abbot Panteleimon about the Trinity","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"Following this, the other maidens also arrived, calling out through the closed doors, “Lord! Lord! Open to us.” Yet what they received in reply from within the bridal chamber was only the announcement of their exclusion: “Truly I say unto you, I do not know you.” He stated this because they were not counted among the companions of His bride. Thus, Jesus concluded the parable with a warning: “Stay vigilant, for you do not know the day or the hour of the Son of Man’s coming.” Always be prepared to meet Him, for He will return unexpectedly — for those alive to witness His coming, He will arrive with all the splendor of His Final Judgment; for those who have passed from this earthly life before that day, He will come suddenly at the hour of their death, at which point the judgment of the soul will follow. This parable, like others, was drawn from real life by our Savior, making a significant impression on His apostles. \\n\\nAccording to Eastern traditions, after the wedding ceremony, the groom, dressed in festive attire and accompanied by his companions, would go to the bride’s home, where she awaited him in her finest garments, surrounded by her friends. Typically, these celebrations occurred at night, with the groom greeted by torchlight. Together, the bride and groom, along with all the guests, would joyfully process to the groom’s home, where feasting could last for seven days. These customs have persisted in the East for millennia; travelers report that marriages are still conducted today in ways reminiscent of the times of Christ. One missionary recounted his experience of a Hindu wedding, where the groom was announced at midnight after hours of expectation, with the joyful announcement: “Behold, the bridegroom is coming; come out to meet him!” Everyone would rush to light their lamps and join the celebration. However, some were without lamps, and as the procession neared, they had no time to seek them. \\n\\nThe entire group ascended to a beautifully adorned and brightly lit porch, where relatives and friends in festive attire awaited. The groom, carried by his companions, took a place of honor among them. After a while, they entered the house, and the doors were immediately closed and guarded. I, along with others, pleaded with the guards to be let in. The powerful imagery of Christ’s parable resonated with me in that moment when the doors were shut. Even the prophets of the Old Testament used marriage imagery to illustrate God’s covenant with Israel, a theme continued in the New Testament by John the Baptist, Christ Himself, and the holy apostles. Thus, in this parable, marriage symbolizes His union with believers in eternal bliss. \\n\\nSt. Chrysostom pondered why Christ chose to represent the participants as specifically virgins and answered, noting how He honored virginity by stating, “There are those who have made themselves eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven. If one is able to accept this, let them accept it” (Matthew 19:12). Virginity is indeed a noble virtue; it was not preserved even by some of the holiest figures in the Old Testament and is not mandated by the New Testament. Christ did not issue a command regarding it but allowed individual discretion. Hence, Paul declared, “Concerning virginity, I have no commandment from the Lord” (1 Cor. 7:25). I commend those who maintain their virginity, but do not compel those who choose otherwise, nor is my counsel a decree. \\n\\nSince virginity carries great significance and many esteem it highly, Jesus Christ presented this parable to illustrate that those who possess virginity along with other virtues yet neglect the works of mercy share condemnation with the wayward. This is just: some are overtaken by sensual desires, while others are consumed by greed. Nevertheless, the former is often more intense and grievous. Thus, the failure of the virgins is most contemptible as they fumble despite the higher expectation placed upon them. In Christ’s parable, virginity embodies not only physical purity but spiritually signifies the acknowledgment of a genuine Christian faith, contrasting with heresy, which parallels the loss of virginity. In this interpretation, the virgins represent all who maintain a correct belief in our Lord Jesus Christ, who will judge the living and the dead, and who await His return for the promise of eternal life.\\n\\nHowever, not all Orthodox believers practice the faith they profess; some live in accordance with God’s commandments, demonstrating their faith through good deeds, and are thus likened to the wise virgins. Others remain Christians in name only, living without thoughtfulness; if they do good, it is done without sincerity, making them the foolish virgins. Alas, how many among us fall into this category of half-hearted Christians! The danger for them lies in their self-deception: “We are not like nonbelievers; we believe in the Orthodox tradition and perform good deeds, so how could God reject us? There are many far worse than we are.” Yet, in their apathy, they plunge into spiritual sleep, forgetting that what they think they possess can be stripped away, and that small portion of God’s gifts, which by His grace has not departed from them, is fragile.\\n\\nTheir spiritual foundation is built on sand; the seed of the divine word falters on rocky soil, leading them to end their lives in spiritual lethargy. What then do the lamps and the oil in vessels symbolize? St. John Chrysostom elucidates: “The lamps represent the very gift of virginity, the purity of holiness; the oil signifies humanity, charity, and assistance to the needy.” While we are alive, before death overtakes us, let us embrace the lamps of good deeds, so that the saying of Christ might come to fruition in our lives: “Let your light so shine before men that they may see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven” (Matthew 5:16). According to Apostle James, if faith is likened to a body and works to a soul, then in this parable, faith is the lamp, and good works are the oil in the vessels. Similarly, if we consider Apostle Paul’s view that good works please God only when infused with faith and love, then works become the lamp, while love and faith nourish it as oil. \\n\\nBlessed Augustine remarked: “With the wise virgins, the oil is authentic — humble love for God; the foolish virgins’ oil is hollow — it is mere human praise which extinguishes upon death.” The delay of the bridegroom signifies that His return is not quickly anticipated. When we read, “But they all became drowsy and fell asleep,” it does not imply, as Bishop Michael points out, that all Christians will be found asleep at the Second Coming of Christ, but serves to underscore the perpetual readiness expected of Christians to greet the Lord, or alternatively, sleep may signify death. “Yet at midnight there was a cry!” This cry aligns with the Apostle Paul’s words: “For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven, with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet of God” (1 Thess. 4:16), announcing that the Lord will “come down from heaven,” accompanied by angels, who are the heavenly bridegroom’s friends, leading His bride, the triumphant Church of the saints, to be welcomed by the Church still on earth. \\n\\nThis cry, bursting forth at midnight, resonates with the Jewish belief that the Messiah would appear unexpectedly at that hour, as their ancestors departed from Egypt. This midnight moment vividly illustrates the suddenness of the Day of the Lord, which will come like a “thief in the night.” If our own actions shape our destiny, then nothing else can assist us, regardless of desire. The maidens experienced this realization... as highlighted by Blessed Abraham’s words: “A great gulf has been fixed between us and you, so that those wishing to cross from here to you cannot” (Lk. 16:26). “Go to those who sell and buy for yourselves.” Who are these sellers? The needy. They are accessible now, and you can find them only now, not later. So do not squander your resources on idle frivolities and empty honors; you will need abundant oil for your own journey. He who lights a candle for another does not diminish the light of his own; yet, no one can impart that which is an integral part of their soul — the goodness of their heart, the purity of their conscience, their holiness. \\n\\nThe wise virgins do not claim a surplus that they could share; blessed are they if their lamps shine brightly enough to enter into the joyful union. The phrase “lest there be a shortfall for both you and us” reminds us that our efforts here pale in comparison to the reward in eternity (St. Ephrem the Syrian). Thus, the doctrine that posits an excess of merits among the saints is misleading. In God’s judgment, “If the righteous man is scarcely saved” (1 Pet. 4:18). The virgins went to procure oil but found no success; Jesus illustrates that while death may render us more empathetic, it will not release us from torment. Their diligence bore no fruit, for they were no longer present here but were already seeking sellers there. This was similarly true for the wealthy man, who, upon becoming concerned for his relatives, was also powerless to alter his circumstances. The one who ignored the beggar at his gates hastens to seek salvation for those he no longer sees, but such efforts are too late (as noted by St. Chrysostom).\\n\\n“And the doors were shut.” What doors? These are the doors that open for those who come from east and west to take their places with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the Kingdom of Heaven; this is the Gate that promises, “Whoever comes to Me shall not be cast away.” This door is open now, yet will be secured forever in the future. Even the worst among us may find acceptance; tax collectors and sinners are welcomed, for Christ forgives all who repent. Yet He will then proclaim: “And the doors were shut.” No one’s remorse, prayer, or sighs will be heard. The door that welcomed David after his sin, that did not reject Peter after his denial, but entrusted him with the keys of the kingdom, is now closed. With the door sealed, the chilling utterance of “I do not know you” resonates: “I dismiss you for you chose not to know Me; I reject a love that lacked compassion for those dear to Me: ‘Depart from Me, you workers of iniquity’” (Matthew 7:23). The fate of the careless virgins is sealed eternally, and those doors will remain closed. \\n\\nThe Kingdom of Heaven, as Blessed Augustine stated, is a realm where adversaries cannot intrude, and friends cannot depart. “After numerous efforts,” remarked St. Chrysostom, “after much toil, after fierce battles against the strong inclinations of nature, the virgins, with downcast eyes and extinguished lamps, departed.” Nothing tarnishes virginity like a lack of charity. To guard against such an outcome, the Lord cautions: “...remain vigilant, for you know neither the day nor the hour.” St. Chrysostom notes how frequently Jesus reiterates this reminder, illustrating its significance. Where now are those who live carelessly, promising to leave everything to the poor at the hour of their demise? They should heed these words as a corrective. Many have been taken by sudden death, leaving no time to dictate their final wishes. The day of death remains unknown to all, for “He who promises forgiveness to the penitent has not promised tomorrow to the one who transgresses.” \\n\\nThus, let us repeatedly reflect on the Church's hopeful refrain: “Behold, the bridegroom comes at midnight; blessed is the servant found watchful; unworthy is he who is caught in despair. Take care, O my soul, that you fall not into slumber, that you perish not and become barred from the Kingdom. Rise, calling out, ‘Holy, holy, holy, is He, O God, through the Virgin Mary, have mercy on us.’”"},{"author-name":"Lopuchin A.P.","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c891400ee1341634d2276d_Lopuchin%20A.P..png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"Then they all got up and adjusted their lamps to ensure they were prepared. However, the foolish virgins realized for the first time that their lamps were dimming, having exhausted all their oil, and they began requesting the wise ones to share some oil with them. The wise ones replied, “To prevent shortage for both us and you, it would be best for you to go to those selling oil and purchase some for yourselves.” While they were away buying oil, the bridegroom arrived, and the five who were prepared joined the procession and entered the wedding chamber with him, after which the door was shut. Soon after, the other five returned, knocking at the door and pleading, “Lord! Lord, open to us.” But he responded, “Truly, I say to you, I do not know you. You do not belong to the chosen virgins of the wedding procession, and thus you are strangers to Me, lacking the right to partake in My wedding feast.” The disciples should have grasped from this parable the vital importance for believers to remain vigilant. Christ, drawing a broader lesson from the parable, admonished them, “Therefore, stay alert: for you know neither the day nor the hour in which the Son of man comes.”"},{"author-name":"Alexander Gorsky","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8884037c1e1c51e1332e2_Alexander%20Gorsky.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"Being proactive at the right time is essential. When the Son of Man appears, it will be too late to tend to preparations for His arrival. Avoid resembling the foolish virgins; instead, embody the wise virgins."},{"author-name":"Innocentius of Kherson","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88d18072d36d1a976dd2c_Innocentius%20of%20Kherson.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":19,"exegesis-text":"At that pivotal moment, a scenario similar to that of the ten maidens will unfold, akin to those who were to go out with lamps to greet the bridegroom on the wedding day. Among them, five were wise and five were foolish. The foolish ones had prepared their lamps but failed to bring oil along. In contrast, the wise had made sufficient preparations. As the bridegroom delayed his arrival, all of them fell asleep, gradually succumbing to slumber. Then, at the stroke of midnight, a sudden shout rang out: \\"The bridegroom is coming! Go out to meet him!\\" Everyone rose and began to light their lamps. The foolish maidens, realizing they were out of oil, pleaded with the wise, “Give us some of your oil, for our lamps are going out.\\" The wise responded, \\"If we share with you, we all may run short; it would be better for you to go to the sellers and buy some for yourselves.\\" The foolish maidens departed. Just then, the bridegroom arrived. The wise maidens, with their lamps burning, welcomed him and accompanied him into the wedding feast, after which the door was promptly shut. Shortly after, the foolish maidens came and called out for the bridegroom to open the door for them. However, the bridegroom, recognizing their folly, replied that he did not know them. The Lord then said to the disciples, “You see how vital it is to be vigilant and wise: remain prepared, for you do not know the day or the hour when the Son of Man will come!” In addition to the principal lesson of vigilance, the disciples were to glean two significant truths from this parable: first, the arrival of the Messiah may not come quickly enough, leading even the wisest to succumb to weariness and slumber, failing to anticipate the bridegroom's arrival at any moment; second, a Christian's virtue must be paired with wisdom and spiritual insight, as foolishness can lead to moral decline. Therefore, a Christian must strive to illuminate their understanding and avoid ignorance in all its forms."}]}
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