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Explanation for:
Matthew
2
:
15
That it might be fulfilled which the Lord spoke by the prophet, saying: Out of Egypt have I called my son.
12
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{"arr":[{"author-name":"Jerome of Stridon","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88dcd3432c6dd41375498_Jerome%20of%20Stridon.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"Those who refute the validity of the Hebrew scriptures should consider this inquiry: Where is the aforementioned passage found in the Septuagint? Should they fail to locate it, we assert that it is documented in the prophet Hosea, as also illustrated in the examples we have recently made available. However, we may also interpret this passage differently, particularly in light of the fervent debaters, whose conduct, in accordance with the teachings of the Apostle Paul, neither he nor the Body of Christ exhibits. Therefore, we reference the testimony from the book of Numbers, echoing the words of Balaam: God brought Him out of Egypt; His splendor is like that of a wild ox (Num. 23:22; Num. 24:8)."},{"author-name":"John Chrysostom","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88ea76859f9f8e2ffd3ee_John%20Chrysostom.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"If the Jewish people find themselves confused about the prophecy, \\"Out of Egypt I will call My Son,\\" assuming it pertains to them, we respond by noting that prophecies often exhibit the quality that what is spoken of one group can find fulfillment in another. For instance, the statement regarding Simeon and Levi, \\"I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel\\" (Genesis 49:7), was ultimately realized not in them but in their descendants. Similarly, what Noah pronounced about Canaan came to pass in the Gibeonites, the descendants of Canaan. The same pattern holds for Jacob; the blessing directed towards him, \\"Thou shalt be a lord to thy brother, and the sons of thy father shall worship thee\\" (Genesis 27:29), was not fulfilled in Jacob himself—for how could it be when he constantly feared and bowed to his brother? Rather, it was his descendants who inherited this blessing. This understanding applies equally to the current situation concerning Christ. Who could be recognized more authentically as the Son of God? Is it he who worships idols or the one who is inherently the Son and honors the Father? Therefore, had Christ not arrived, the prophecy would have failed to attain its intended realization. The Evangelist echoes this sentiment, indicating that the prophecy required the coming of the Son of God to be fulfilled. This also brings significant honor to the Virgin. What the entire nation of the Jews took pride in, she was able to embrace fully. While the Jews glorified excessively in their return from Egypt—referencing, \\"Did not the foreigners come from Cappadocia, and the Assyrians from the ditch?\\" (Amos 9:7)—this returns us to the Virgin’s distinction. It is more accurate to assert that both the nation and their patriarch, through their journey into and out of Egypt, foreshadowed the pattern of Christ's journey. They entered Egypt to escape death from famine, while Christ entered to elude death by deception; yet when they arrived, they were saved from famine, whereas Christ sanctified the land with His presence. Observe how God's power becomes evident amidst humiliation! The angel instructed, \\"Flee into Egypt,\\" without promising to accompany them to assure them of a magnificent companion—the only Begotten Child, who transforms all things and commands even adversaries to serve in the plan of salvation. Indeed, the Magi and those outside the Jewish faith abandon their ancestral sins to worship Him. The imperial decree for a census inadvertently serves as the backdrop for Christ's birth in Bethlehem. Egypt embraced Him during His flight from persecution, gaining the honor of being the first to welcome Him, a privilege traditionally reserved for Palestine—yet Egypt displayed greater eagerness. Hence, should you traverse the wilderness of Egypt, you will discover that its barren landscape surpasses any paradise; you will encounter numerous angelic forms and throngs of martyrs and virgins. You will witness the collapse of the devil’s tyranny and the emergence of Christ’s sovereign reign. Once the birthplace of poets and sorcerers, Egypt now takes pride in fishermen and ridicules past idolatry, exalting the tax collector and revering the cross. This honor is not confined to cities but flourishes more prominently in the desert. Across this territory, you can observe the flock of Christ and the exultant community displayed in high places. And this is evident not only among men but also among women, who exhibit equal wisdom. They do not engage in warfare as the renowned Greek leaders and philosophers advocate, but they partake in a far more arduous conflict—waging battle against the devils and spiritual forces. In this struggle, their physical frailty becomes no hindrance, for the outcome relies not on bodily form but on the soul’s determination. Thus, many wives have surpassed their husbands in valor, achieving remarkable triumphs. The star-spangled sky is dim compared to the Egyptian desert, which reveals cloisters of ascetics everywhere. Anyone familiar with ancient Egypt, once steeped in idolatry, who feared trivial things like onions, will recognize the mighty work of Christ. However, we need not lean heavily on ancient tales, for even now, vestiges of ignorance remain as evidence of past madness. Those who once sunk into such folly now contemplate heavenly matters, mocking the customs of their ancestors while lamenting their forebears and dismissing their wise men. They discern that the utterances of their sages were hollow nonsense compared to the profound wisdom imparted by fishermen. Hence, they uphold this doctrine diligently, striving to exemplify it in their lives. By relinquishing all worldly possessions and crucifying their desires, they labor diligently on behalf of the needy. Despite fasting and keeping vigil, they refuse to remain idle during the day; instead, they dedicate nights to sacred hymns and days to prayer and handiwork, mirroring the zeal of the apostles. They argue that if the apostle, esteemed by the world, toiled, crafted, and endured sleepless nights for the welfare of the poor, how much more should we, who dwell in seclusion away from the city din, engage in spiritual pursuits? Both rich and poor alike should feel ashamed as these ascetics, possessing only their hands, strive fervently that the destitute benefit from their labor, while we, with our abundant resources, hesitate to contribute even our excess for their good. What justification can we offer? How shall we explain ourselves? Consider how these ascetics, once greedy and indulging in vice, transformed; recalling the cauldrons of meat and rampant gluttony among the Jews, they swiftly changed, ignited by the fire of Christ, ascending to heavenly heights. Those who once fell prey to anger and pleasure now reflect the incorporeal with gentleness and virtue. Anyone who has visited this land would agree with my statement. And if one has not yet ventured into that experience, let them recall that Egypt also birthed the most eminent saint following the apostles, the blessed Anthony, who remains revered to this day; he too dwelled in the land ruled by Pharaoh and, despite this, the location posed no hindrance to his spiritual pursuits as he engaged in divine contemplation and lived in accordance with Christ’s teachings. Anyone reading his biographical narrative, rich with prophecies, will find confirmation of this truth. He foretold the afflictions brought by Arius and the repercussions of their harm. God revealed visions of all things to him, presenting future events clearly before his eyes. The absence of such a figure within heretical teachings stands as a compelling testament to the truth of our faith. I encourage you not to accept only my words but to read and comprehend the contents of his writings, and to glean significant lessons in discipline from them. I urge you to go beyond mere reading, striving to embody in your actions the teachings found therein, without justifying yourselves by your circumstances, upbringing, or the sins of your ancestors. If we genuinely focus on ourselves, none of these factors will pose any impediment. Abraham had a wicked father yet did not inherit his wickedness; Hezekiah, the son of Ahaz, became a friend of God; Joseph lived in Egypt, adorned with purity; and the three youths in Babylon, amidst lavish feasts, displayed profound wisdom. Moses flourished in Egypt, while Paul traversed the world, yet neither allowed external circumstances to impede their virtuous actions. In light of all of this, let us abandon flimsy excuses and commit ourselves to noble endeavors. By doing so, we will summon great divine love, petitioning the Lord to expedite our accomplishments, and we shall receive eternal blessings—graciously bestowed upon us through our Lord Jesus Christ, to whom be glory and dominion forever and ever. Amen."},{"author-name":"Ephraem the Syrian","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88b589fc3e99eb7bb1839_Ephraem%20the%20Syrian.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"After Israel was liberated from Egypt and enigmatically referred to as a son (Hos. 11:1), they compromised their divine sonship through the worship of Baal and the burning of incense to idols. Consequently, John referred to them as the offspring of the serpent, a fitting designation. By tarnishing the identity of their divinely chosen children, a name bestowed upon them through grace during the time of Moses, they were given a new appellation by John, reflective of their actions (Matthew 3:7). Following the Lord’s journey into Egypt and His subsequent return to Judea, the Evangelist notes: ‘Then was fulfilled the word spoken by the prophet, which saith, Out of Egypt have I called my Son.’"},{"author-name":"Chromatius of Aquileia","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88a3df6d7a747a33b4f4a_Chromatius%20of%20Aquileia.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":5,"exegesis-text":"Joseph was instructed to welcome this child, concerning whom Isaiah proclaimed, \\"For a child is born to you, a son is given to you; dominion is on his ramparts\\" (Isaiah 9:6). This phrase, \\"a son is given unto you,\\" signifies that the Lord Christ, who entered the world as a child, was considered the son of Joseph and Mary. Regarding the eventual journey into Egypt, Isaiah had previously prophesied, \\"Behold, the Lord shall sit upon a light cloud, and shall come into Egypt\\" (Isaiah 19:1). These words unveil the mystery of the Lord's incarnation. For when the Lord ascends from heaven, He is referred to as the sun of righteousness, indicating that the prophet accurately foretold that He would arrive on a light cloud, symbolizing a pure body untainted by sin, within which He concealed the brilliance of His majesty under a physical veil. Hosea conveys a similar notion when he states, \\"In the dawn the king of Israel shall perish! When Israel was young I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My son.\\" Following Egypt's serious transgressions and the numerous afflictions God had inflicted upon it, the Almighty Father, in His grace, sent His Son into Egypt. This act was so that the one who had once redeemed it through Moses might embrace Christ and encounter the hope of salvation. The magnitude of God's mercy is manifest in the arrival of His Son! Egypt, which had previously been rebellious and defiant under Pharaoh, transformed into a sanctuary and refuge for Christ. Thus, the Lord's mercy was shown to both Egypt and the wise men who were privileged to recognize the Lord Christ. In the time of Moses, the wise men of Egypt had dared to oppose the Divine authority, yet now, having witnessed the miraculous celestial sign, they came to believe in God the Son. While the former group's disbelief led to their punishment, the faith of the latter group brought them to glory, as they embraced the divine power of God incarnate, whom they had initially failed to acknowledge."},{"author-name":"Theophylact of Bulgaria","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8989296bafed9104677d7_Theophylact%20of%20Bulgaria.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":11,"exegesis-text":"The Jewish people claim that this statement was directed at those whom Moses led from Egypt. In response, we acknowledge that something new and transformative was indeed proclaimed about this people, and it was genuinely realized in Christ. So, who is the Son of God? Is it those who revere the idol of Beelphegor and the figures, or is it the one true Son of God?"},{"author-name":"Euthymios Zigabenos","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":11,"exegesis-text":"The Jewish community asserts that the phrase, \\"Out of Egypt I have called my son,\\" refers to their own calling. In response, we contend that it is a principle of prophecy that certain statements may pertain to one group but are ultimately realized in another. For instance, the declaration regarding Simeon and Levi, \\"I will divide them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel\\" (Gen. 49:7), was indeed fulfilled in their lineage. In the case of Isaac, the statements regarding his blessings (Gen. 27:29) did not manifest directly in him, as he was filled with fear and humility, repeatedly bowing before his brother Esau; rather, these blessings were seen in his descendants. Similarly, the pronouncement Noah made about Canaan was realized in his offspring. The same holds true here. Who, then, is more accurately described as the Son of God? Is it the one who worshipped the golden calf, served Baal of Peor, and offered his children as sacrifices to false gods, or is it rather the one who is the Son by nature, equal to the Father who begot Him?"},{"author-name":"Nicephoros (Theotokis)","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8958407451968d9c204fb_Nicephoros%20(Theotokis).png","category":"Christian Authors","century":18,"exegesis-text":"Observe the fervent compliance and execution of the command! Neither the distance nor the challenges of the journey, nor the discomfort of the path could deter the righteous Joseph. Without hesitation, on the very night the angel visited him, he rose from his slumber and, upon seeing the Child and His mother, traveled into Egypt, where he remained until Herod's demise. This was in accordance with the prophecy given by the Lord through His messenger. Which prophet spoke of this, and what was foretold? The Prophet Hosea proclaimed: \\"For when Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called My Son\\" (Hosea 11:1; Matthew 2:19-20). This prophecy found its fulfillment when God instructed Joseph in Egypt through the Angel, commanding his return to Israel with the Child and His Mother; thus, God called His only begotten Son out of Egypt. It is important to recognize that just as the cloud that led the Israelites during their exodus from Egypt symbolized the Holy Spirit, and the parting of the Red Sea represented holy baptism, with the rock that accompanied them symbolizing Christ (1 Cor. 10:4), so too the departure of the Israelites from Egypt foreshadowed Jesus Christ's own exodus from Egypt and His return to Israel. This is why the Prophet Hosea, having anticipated such an event for Christ, spoke of it to those who would listen. The Evangelist Matthew, having elaborated on Hosea's insightful words, attributed them to the very realities they referenced, writing: \\"Out of Egypt I have called My Son.\\" This encapsulates the meaning and significance of Hosea's prophetic message. Following this narrative, the Evangelist recounts the events that transpired when Joseph, along with the Child and His mother, entered Egypt."},{"author-name":"Abbot Panteleimon about the Trinity","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"The Holy Evangelist's intent was not to recount every detail of the Saviour's earthly experiences but rather to affirm that Jesus Christ is indeed the long-awaited Redeemer of the world. Hence, he omits specifics regarding how the holy travelers arrived in Egypt, where they resided, and how they lived, stating simply: AND THERE WAS JOSEPH BEFORE THE DEATH OF JEROD. This was essential to protect the Divine Infant from any further persecution and to alleviate the fears of His Mother. Ancient traditions recount that relying on divine strength, St. Joseph was accompanied by his son, St. James, who would later be known as the brother of God. In a matter of days, the holy travelers found themselves navigating the same arid deserts once traversed by the people of Israel fleeing from Egypt. They encountered tremendous hardships and challenges. The path was sandy at points and often concealed among dunes; food supplies were scarce in the wilderness, compelling them to carry all necessities with them on a single donkey, which was crucial for the young Mother and the Divine Child. \\n\\nDuring the day, they faced excruciating heat, and at night, they had to guard against the cold, with nothing available for rest other than the sand beneath them and the sky above serving as their cover. It is said that in one desert location, they were ambushed by robbers who sought to steal their donkey. However, one robber was so moved by the beauty of the Divine Child that he prevented his companions from harming the holy travelers, proclaiming, \\"If God Himself assumed human form, He could not be more beautiful than this Child.\\" The Mother of God assured this robber, \\"Rest assured that this Child will not forget your kindness; He will reward you with a blessed return for having protected His life.\\" This was the same robber who was crucified alongside the Lord and was granted the promise, \\"Today you will be with Me in Paradise\\" (Luke 23:43). Thus, the word of the Mother of God came to fruition in him. \\n\\nWhen the Blessed Virgin and the Infant approached, the idols within their temples collapsed, fulfilling the prophetic words: Behold, the Lord will ride on a swift cloud (in the arms of the Virgin Mother) and arrive in Egypt. The idols of Egypt trembled before Him, and the heart of Egypt melted within it (Isaiah 19:1). Close to Cairo, near Matarieh, a notable tree stump is shown, where the Mother of God rested while St. Joseph sought shelter for their family. Tradition holds that a spring of cool, pure water miraculously appeared nearby to quench the thirst of the Divine Traveler and Her marvelous Child. This spring is still preserved today, and thriving branches emerge from the sacred stump.\\n\\nInstead of detailing the journey, Matthew highlights God's choice of Egypt—as the refuge for the Holy Family—as fulfilling the prophecy, saying: \\"THAT IT WILL COME TRUE,\\" as proclaimed by the prophet Hosea: \\"FROM EGYPT I CALLED MY SON\\" (Hosea 11:1; Psalm 79:9; Numbers 24:8). St. John Chrysostom remarks that Babylon and Egypt represented the epicenter of wickedness. From Babylon, Christ received homage from the Magi, while He sanctified Egypt through His presence, demonstrating His mission to save even the gravest sinners who turn to Him with repentance. Egypt, geographically closer to Bethlehem than any other land, had many Jews, making it a more comfortable haven for Joseph and Mary. More importantly, Egypt symbolized the dire conditions of sin and death from which the Son of God came to rescue humanity, akin to Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt. \\n\\nChrist the Saviour is the leader of the new Israel, comprising all who believe in Him, thus fulfilling the prophetic declaration regarding the exodus of Israel from Egypt through Him, the only begotten Son of God. Who can more rightfully be termed the Son of God: the Jewish people, who frequently strayed from God, worshipped idols, and sacrificed their offspring to demons, or He who is the naturally begotten Son of God, honoring the Father of His birth? Therefore, St. Chrysostom rightly notes that if Christ had not entered Egypt, the prophecy would not have been realized in its fullness, as Israel's return from Egypt was merely a foreshadowing of the return of Christ, the Son of God, from the same land.\\n\\nShould anyone inquire whether the Divine Child could not have remained hidden in Bethlehem miraculously, avoiding such a perilous journey, St. John Chrysostom replies: \\"Then it would cast doubt that He took our flesh.\\" There were heretics who claimed the Lord possessed merely an appearance of flesh rather than actual flesh. Christ the Saviour desired to exemplify how to confront danger: He had miraculous means at His disposal to evade Herod. Even now, if He had so wished, He could summon more than twelve legions of angels to His aid (Matthew 26:53); yet instead of angels, He relied on the assistance of the elder Joseph and His Mother. He fled to Egypt as a man, thereby ensuring His safety. Likewise, do not await miracles unnecessarily for your deliverance from danger; utilize the resources available to you. Avoid peril when possible without neglecting your duties, but do not be troubled or disheartened: tribulation is a common affliction for the righteous (Psalm 33:20).\\n\\nNow, let us return to the account provided by the Evangelist. When the wise men traveled from Jerusalem to Bethlehem, Herod felt momentarily reassured. He awaited their return, believing it would be simple to eliminate the newborn King, having learned the location from the wise men. However, his expectations would prove deceptive."},{"author-name":"Philaret of Moscow (Drosdow)","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c896ffb7a2ebaf99e46539_Philaret%20of%20Moscow%20(Drosdow).png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":19,"exegesis-text":"How long did Jesus reside in Egypt? There are differing opinions; what is important for us is that He stayed there for as long as the threat persisted. One key insight emphasized by those who explore the depths of spiritual life and by seasoned spiritual guides for true penitents is the necessity of avoiding situations they believe may lead to harm. This encompasses people, places, objects, and pleasures that have elicited or could elicit sinful desires in them. This advice is not merely optional but a vital obligation, as without it, neither the sinner can expect genuine transformation nor the righteous can maintain their integrity in virtue. The heart has not truly renounced sin if it still attaches itself to triggers that have previously caused or may cause its downfall. While one may not always control encounters with such temptations, they certainly have the ability to avoid seeking them out and to distance themselves from them. A Christian who recognizes their vulnerability must be wary of even the slightest peril; things that may seem completely harmless to others could pose a threat to them. The Holy Spirit cautions us that those who court danger will meet with destruction (Sir. 3:25). Jesus Christ instructs us to remove whatever causes us to stumble, even if it means sacrificing something valuable, which teaches us to steer clear of situations that lead to sin (Matt. 5:29). Jesus, Mary, and Joseph remained in Egypt until directed by the Lord to leave, and while surrounded by the pagan practices of that land, they remained devoted to God. Often, we lament our own circumstances and positions, thinking that we cannot serve God effectively in them, which is a perilous misconception! The circumstances in which God has placed us provide the best opportunity for us to strive for holiness. His grace purifies us, and He knows how to adapt it to our diverse situations and responsibilities. It is not unusual for those who would have faltered in solitude to thrive in the world.\\n\\nThe New Testament authors, inspired by the divine, have often cited expressions from the Old Testament's Hebrew texts, rather than the Septuagint. For instance, the holy Evangelist Matthew (Matt. 2:15) references the prophet Hosea, stating, 'I have called My Son from Egypt,' according to the Hebrew source, which diverges from the Septuagint rendering (Hos. 11:1) that reads, ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετεκάλεσα τὰ τέκνα αὐτοῦ, or 'out of Egypt I have called his children.' A comparison between the Evangelist's wording and that of the Septuagint might raise questions regarding the accuracy of the Evangelist’s account, which could leave one perplexed. However, when this is measured against the Hebrew scripture, the Evangelist’s testimony proves to be precise; any uncertainty dissipates, leading to the conclusion that the Greek translators did not faithfully convey the original Hebrew, as they sought to align it more closely with the Jewish experience of the time, a time before the full revelation of the mystery of Christ that we find in the New Testament."},{"author-name":"Michail (Lusin)","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c89550c567e172d15b3055_Michail%20(Lusin).png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"The words of God quoted from the book of Hosea, “Out of Egypt I have called My Son” (Hosea 11:1), refer to the liberation of the Israelites from their captivity in Egypt through Moses. This designation of \\"Son\\" applies to the entire people chosen and freed by God from slavery, as they were identified as such even before their departure from Egyptian bondage (Ex. 4:22). However, these words find their ultimate fulfillment in Christ, understood as prophetic in nature, as the Jewish nation, regarded as God’s firstborn, signifies their selection from other nations to become His chosen people, thus prefiguring the true and only begotten Son of God, the Lord Jesus Christ. Consequently, their exodus from Egypt serves as a foreshadowing of Christ's own calling from that land. As Chrysostom remarks, prophecies often find their completion in events concerning others, and this instance serves to illustrate that idea."},{"author-name":"Gladkow B.I.","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88bf0ceef8c96e09a6521_Gladkow%20B.I..png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"The Holy Family's departure to Egypt was not a circumstance where Christ arrived as an infant only to succumb to Herod's assassins. As soon as Herod devised schemes to eliminate the true King of the Jews, Joseph, guided by divine revelation, took the Child and His mother and journeyed to Egypt, a place beyond Herod's dominion, where they could remain entirely secure. In a dream, an angel instructs Joseph, saying, “Arise, take the Child and His Mother, and flee to Egypt.” When Joseph received this message, as remarked by Chrysostom, he did not waver in doubt, asking, \\"What is this unusual situation? You previously stated that He would deliver His people, yet now He cannot even protect Himself, thus we must escape to a foreign land? This appears to contradict the promise.\\" Nevertheless, Joseph expressed none of these thoughts, demonstrating his faithfulness; he showed no curiosity concerning when they would return. Regarding the direct inquiry of why Christ did not shield Himself from Herod's assassins, Chrysostom offers this insight: “Because if the Lord had begun to perform miracles from His early years, He would not have been acknowledged as a true Man.” The words of the prophet Hosea, “Out of Egypt have I called My Son” (Hosea 11:1), originally reference the Israelites' exodus from Egypt under Moses, with the title 'Son of God' encompassing the whole nation of Israel, making their application to Christ rather tenuous."},{"author-name":"Lopuchin A.P.","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c891400ee1341634d2276d_Lopuchin%20A.P..png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"Simultaneously, Joseph was given the urgent warning about the imminent peril facing the child, and under the guidance of the angel, he quickly took his family to Egypt, a place that had historically served as a sanctuary for all those oppressed in Palestine, where they stayed until Herod's death."}]}
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