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Explanation for:
Matthew
28
:
19
Going therefore, teach ye all nations; baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.
14
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{"arr":[{"author-name":"Didache","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":1,"exegesis-text":"Regarding baptism, it should be administered in this manner: after instructing on all the relevant teachings, immerse the individual in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, using living water. If living water is unavailable, use other types of water; should cold water not be accessible, lukewarm water may be utilized. In the absence of both options, pour water over the head three times, invoking the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Prior to the baptism, it is recommended that both the person performing the baptism and the one receiving it, along with others if possible, engage in fasting, with the individual being baptized observing a fast for one or two days prior."},{"author-name":"Gregory of Nyssa","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88c197597540c9caa3754_Gregory%20of%20Nyssa.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"In a correspondence with the heretic Heraclianus, St. Gregory of Nyssa references the well-known directive of the Savior: “Go teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you” (Matt. 28:19-20). Elaborating on this directive, he states that Jesus Christ, by dividing the Christian existence into two facets—the ethical dimension and the precise adherence to doctrine—established the salvific truth through the sacrament of baptism. Furthermore, by instructing us to follow His commandments, He mandated the transformation of our lives."},{"author-name":"Jerome of Stridon","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88dcd3432c6dd41375498_Jerome%20of%20Stridon.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"Initially, they instruct all peoples, then they provide nourishment to those who have been educated. For the body cannot partake in the sacrament of baptism unless the soul has first comprehended the truth of faith. They are baptized in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, so that this singular gift may belong to those whose divinity is unified: the name of the Trinity represents one God."},{"author-name":"Basil the Great","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c889927158e4af30595484_Basil%20the%20Great.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"What does the Savior instruct His disciples? He says, \\"Come ye therefore teach all tongues, baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost\\" (Matt. 28:19). Notice how the Holy Spirit is also here indicated as being of one essence with the Father and the Son? \\n\\nSome argue that the Holy Spirit should not be placed on the same level as the Father and the Son since He is different in essence and lesser in rank. In response, we can rightfully echo the Apostle’s assertion: “It is more fitting to obey God than man” (Acts 5:29). The Lord, in His command regarding the life-giving baptism, explicitly instructed the disciples to baptise “all tongues... in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” By neglecting communion with the Spirit and asserting it is unnecessary to acknowledge Him in conjunction with the Father and the Son, they clearly stand against God's directive. If they claim that this unity in the Lord lacks true communion, let them clarify their perspective and propose another illustration of unity that is more fitting. However, if the Lord did not establish the Spirit in communion with Himself and the Father during this command, then they should not place the blame on us for asserting this unity, as we are simply vocalising what the Lord has established.\\n\\nIf the Spirit is indeed unified with the Father and the Son, and no one would dare argue otherwise, we must not be accused of deviating from Scripture. We find ourselves at the center of an assault, with every hostile thought aimed at us; the words from those who deny truth are like arrows shot with greater fury than the stones cast at Stephen by the attackers of Christ. The surface of their accusations serves as mere pretense; their true objective is far more lofty. While they prepare for battle against us and summon each other for strength, the core of their attack targets faith. All who oppose the sound doctrine share this singular goal: to undermine and dismantle the steadfastness of faith in Christ and to disrupt the apostolic tradition. Outwardly, they appear as sincere seekers demanding scriptural proof while dismissing the testimony of the fathers as lacking authority if not explicitly supported by Scripture. Nevertheless, we shall remain steadfast in the truth and never retreat from it due to fear. If the Lord has established the necessity of the Holy Spirit's union with the Father as a saving doctrine and they argue otherwise, segregating and downgrading the Spirit while relegating Him to a mere ministerial role, they effectively elevate their blasphemy over God's command.\\n\\nLet us set aside all disputes and consider what we have on hand. Why do we identify as Christians? Everyone will respond: by faith. And how do we attain salvation? Through regeneration, specifically, the grace received in baptism. For how else could we be saved? When we acknowledge this salvation, confirmed by the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, should we veer from the doctrine we have been taught? It would be a profound disgrace if we now find ourselves further from our salvation than at the onset of our belief by choosing to reject what we have received. The loss is the same whether we perish unbaptised or receive a baptism lacking any essential element of the faith. Whoever fails to preserve the confession we made at our initial conversion—when we turned from idols to serve the living God—and does not uphold it throughout his life as a sacred trust, distances himself from the promises of God, acting in contradiction to the faith he professed.\\n\\nIf baptism is my commencement of true life, marking the day of my rebirth as the beginning of all days, it is clear that the words I have spoken in the grace of my sonship are invaluable. Therefore, shall I be led astray by the beliefs of those who seek to change that tradition which brings me into the light, the tradition that unveiled the knowledge of God to me, transforming me from a former enemy of God due to sin into a child of God? On the contrary, I fervently wish to depart to the Lord with this confession, encouraging them to preserve their faith unblemished until the day of Christ, keeping the Spirit inseparable from the Father and the Son, and maintaining the doctrine of baptism both in the admission of faith and in the expression of glory."},{"author-name":"John Chrysostom","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88ea76859f9f8e2ffd3ee_John%20Chrysostom.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":4,"exegesis-text":"\\"Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you\\" (Matt. 28:19, 20). In this passage, He addresses teachings and commandments, without reference to the Jews, the earlier events, or reprimanding Peter for his denial or the others for their abandonment. His sole instruction is to disseminate His teachings, which He had summarized for them, alongside the command to baptize."},{"author-name":"Maximus the Confessor","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8951a1dea23713695271e_Maximus%20the%20Confessor.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":7,"exegesis-text":"The Lord spoke to the Apostles following His Resurrection, instructing them, \\"Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.\\" Thus, it is essential that all who are baptized in the name of the Life-giving and Divinely-appointed Trinity adhere to these commands. The Lord unified the observance of the commandments with genuine faith because He understood that faith alone, without the fulfillment of the commandments, cannot lead to salvation. This understanding is reflected in David's words to God: \\"For this reason I am guided to all Your commandments; I hate every way of unrighteousness\\" (Psalm 118:128). The commandments provided by God serve as a guide against all paths of unrighteousness, and neglecting any one of them allows for the emergence of its opposing evil path."},{"author-name":"John Damascene","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88f1652142a026a0c6d53_John%20Damascene.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":8,"exegesis-text":"We affirm the omnipotent force that exists prior to all creation, embodying one essence, one divinity, one power, one will, one action, one origin, one authority, one sovereignty, one kingdom, manifested in three perfect persons who are revered and worshipped with a unified devotion, acknowledged and esteemed by every living being. These persons are inextricably linked yet distinct, existing in a manner that surpasses human understanding: in the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, in whose name we too have received baptism. For the Lord instructed the Apostles to perform baptisms, stating: ‘baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.’"},{"author-name":"Symeon the New Theologian","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c897eec143c131d21207b3_Symeon%20the%20New%20Theologian.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":10,"exegesis-text":"When someone instructs another, saying, \\"Do this and refrain from that,\\" they are addressing a person capable of both actions. However, to command someone who is unable to perform either task is indeed to speak in futility. The Lord instructed His disciples, saying, \\"Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” This indicates that the initial offering is one of cleansing and empowerment through sacred Baptism. The Lord continues with, “Teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you” (Matthew 28:19-20). Thus, anyone who attempts to follow the commandments of Christ without first being imbued with the strength of holy Baptism will find their efforts to be futile. Moreover, those who, lacking the fortifying grace of Baptism, are tasked with obeying Christ's commands act foolishly and are spiritually blind. They must first receive strength in their spirit through Christ's grace, which sanctifies the soul through holy Baptism, before being capable of fulfilling those commandments. How can it be that the earth, rife with thorns and weeds, receives pure seed and does not choke it out? Yet, the divine Baptism bestowed by Christ possesses tremendous power to paralyze the wicked intentions of those who are baptized, rendering them ineffective in their malevolent pursuits. Even if they are not immediately rendered incapable of evil, they are inclined to goodness in every possible way after their baptism. This reflects the power conferred by holy Baptism. It empowers them to do good, as if they were angels, acting righteously and fulfilling God’s will (Psalm 102:20). Likewise, Christ our Lord offered His sacred blood, enabling those who believe in Him to partake of it and thus become sharers in the divine nature, drawing from His divine essence, so they can live in accordance with the perfect commandments of the gospel of Christ, empowered to do God's will. Should a believer, after receiving such divine strength and being enabled to observe the law of Christ, disregard it and fail to align with God’s desires, they must understand that they have repudiated Christ. As the Apostle warns, anyone who has disregarded the Son of God and trampled the blood of the covenant has become an abomination (Hebrews 10:29)."},{"author-name":"Theophylact of Bulgaria","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c8989296bafed9104677d7_Theophylact%20of%20Bulgaria.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":11,"exegesis-text":"Consequently, the Lord has directed His disciples to reach beyond the Jews, for He now holds dominion over all, having consecrated all humanity within Himself. It is appropriate for Him to send them to every nation, empowering them to baptize “in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” Let Arius and Sabellius face disgrace! Arius, because the Lord instructed to baptize not in multiple names, but in the singular name, which encapsulates the unity of the Godhead. Sabellius, for the Lord acknowledged three distinct persons, rather than one person, as Sabellius deceitfully proposes, suggesting that the Lord bears three names—Father, Son, and Spirit—at different times. Rather, the Lord spoke of three persons who share one divine name: God."},{"author-name":"Euthymios Zigabenos","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":11,"exegesis-text":"For you will instruct all nations... based on the authority granted to Me. When He referred to ‘all nations,’ He specifically meant the Jewish people. Mark articulated this more clearly in Mark 16:15: \\"Go ye into all the world, preach the Gospel to all creation;\\" and Luke elaborated further in Luke 24:47: \\"and preach repentance and remission of sins in His name to all the Gentiles, beginning at Jerusalem.\\" The Lord did not hold grudges against those who repented. Upon His resurrection, when He appeared to His disciples, He chose not to mention the sufferings He endured at the hands of the Jews, nor did He condemn Peter for his denial or the other disciples for their abandonment. He instructed them to baptize in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. This directive encompasses both Baptism and instruction. The singular name of the three Persons reflects the unified essence of the Holy Trinity. This name is understood to represent either He, God, or an ineffable name; thus, those performing baptisms speak solely in that name, without adding anything further."},{"author-name":"Nicholas of Methone","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":12,"exegesis-text":"After His triumph over death, Christ instructed His disciples to go forth and proclaim the Gospel, commanding that believers be baptized in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. This invocation highlights the essential unity of the three persons, revealing that the profound wisdom of God, as expressed in Psalm 50:8, surpasses any single name commonly used to refer to an object, existing instead in a state of permanence and mystery. The divine essence is ineffable, eluding total comprehension and articulation, yet is manifested through the names of the individual Persons involved in this incomprehensible work. \\n\\nEach Person is distinct, possessing their own hypostasis; the Father serves as the Cause and Source of the others, with the Son being generated from Him, and the Spirit originating from the Father as well. The Holy Spirit, being immaterial and pure, transcends all sensory and intellectual beings and is fully aligned with the Father who begets Him, possessing a holiness that is intrinsic rather than derived—a holiness that is self-sustaining and boundless."},{"author-name":"Peter of Kiev","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c896ddde144a394c69d270_Peter%20of%20Kiev.png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":17,"exegesis-text":"Question: If God is unified, must we also conclude that the Person is singular? Response: It is not necessary to do so. The essence and substance of God are one, yet within His Persons, He exists as a Trinity. This is affirmed through the words of our Savior, who instructed His Apostles: \\"Go ye therefore teach all tongues, baptising them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost\\" (Matthew 28:19). His teaching distinctly illustrates that the Godhead comprises three Persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The Father, who begets the Son from His own being before all time, also spirates the Holy Spirit; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father and shares the same divine essence with Him; the Holy Spirit eternally proceeds from the Father and is of one substance with both the Father and the Son. In elucidating this doctrine, St. Damascene states: \\"The Son and the Holy Spirit, to one substance, are related to the Father\\" (Book 1, ch. 11). Additionally, he remarks: \\"The Son is from the Father by the manner of birth; the Holy Spirit is also from the Father, but not by the manner of birth, rather by emanation\\" (ch. 10). Gregory the Theologian, reflecting on the Apostle's words to the Romans: \\"as from Him and by Him and in Him all things\\" (Rom. 11:36), notes: \\"The first, i.e. from Him, must be attributed to the Father; the second to the Son; and the third to the Holy Spirit.\\" Thus, it is evident that there is a Trinity within the Godhead. Furthermore, we are baptized uniformly and without distinction in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Therefore, what is the Father by nature is also the same as the Son and the Holy Spirit."},{"author-name":"Ignatij (Briantchaninow)","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c88ce37597540c9caa5df5_Ignatij%20(Briantchaninow).png","category":"Holy Fathers and Teachers","century":19,"exegesis-text":"The Lord Jesus Christ instituted the doctrine and proclamation of Christianity, as well as the adherence to the commandments of the Gospel (Matthew 28:19, 20). He mandated the exploration of Christianity in both theoretical and practical aspects, linking these studies in a way that they cannot be separated. Theoretical understanding must be accompanied by practical application; without the latter, the former holds no significance in the eyes of God. Without practical application, theoretical knowledge is of no benefit to us (Matt. 7:21-23). The practical aspect serves as a testament to the genuineness of the theoretical understanding and is enlivened by the grace of God (Jn. 14:21-24). Theoretical knowledge can be compared to a foundation, while practical knowledge resembles the structure built upon that foundation. A building cannot be constructed without first establishing its foundation, and establishing the foundation is rendered fruitless if a building does not rise upon it."},{"author-name":"Abbot Panteleimon about the Trinity","author-image":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/6864003fdf3714da6ff0b33a/68c96d263b8c22d9c467bdab_no-pic-theosis.png","category":"Christian Authors","century":19,"exegesis-text":"Thus, the Lord instructs His disciples, \\"Since I hold all authority over creation, venture forth into the world; I shall be your defender and shield. Therefore, go and instruct all nations, not just the Jewish people, but every nation, for I have redeemed the entire world with My Blood, and access to the Kingdom of Heaven is granted to all through My command. Teach them by immersing them in the NAME OF THE FATHER AND THE SON AND THE HOLY SPIRIT, bringing all humanity to a renewed, gracious, eternal existence through the Sacrament of Baptism, which symbolizes death to sin and new life, resurrection in God.\\""}]}
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